The tityus serrulatus scorpion venom-induced nociceptive response is dependent on trpv1, immune cells, and proinflammatory cytokines

Abstract

For centuries, researchers have been fascinated by the composition of scorpion venom and its local and systematic effects on humans. During a sting, scorpions inject peptides and proteins that can affect immune cells and neurons. The immune and nervous systems have been studied independently in the context of scorpion stab wounds, but here we will reveal some of their mechanisms. tityus serrulatus The venom induces hyperalgesia in mice. We present evidence of neuroimmune crosstalk during scorpion sting through behavioral, immunity, imaging assays, and mouse genetics. tityus serrulatus The venom induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner, and explicit pain-like behavior. The venom directly activated dorsal root ganglion neurons, increased recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils, and released the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Block trpv1+ Neurons, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NFκB reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, obvious pain-like behavior, and induced macrophages and neutrophil migration. tityus serrulatus poison. Collectively, tityus serrulatus Venom targets primary afferent nociceptive TRPV1+ Neurons induce hyperalgesia through recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils and release of proinflammatory cytokines.