Redescription of Euscorpius studenttum based on adult specimens. The classification of the corpora cavernosa Euscorpiidae has been updated. and review of the Balkan spongy scorpion

abstract

Spongy scorpions are difficult to collect and study because their habitat is often inaccessible. Some individuals have evolved unique morphological adaptations known as troglomorphy, such as sclerosis and reduced pigmentation, reduction or loss of eyes, and weakened or elongated appendages, which result in a dark, damp appearance. can thrive even in low-energy input environments. Spongy scorpions are classified as adventitious scorpions, trogloxenes, troglophylls, and troglobites. The Balkan Peninsula, especially the Dinaric Karst region, is home to a diverse fauna adapted to caves, including scorpions. Despite the fact that a blind scorpion from Bosnia and Herzegovina was reported in 1895, this is the first true European scorpion. Euscorpius Student Hall Karaman, 2020, was only described a few years ago based on two immature specimens. In the present contribution, this unique species is re-described based on the first adult specimen. All currently known sponges Euscorpiidae Laurie, the 1896 ecological classification has been updated. A key to identifying spongy scorpions occurring in Dinaric karst is provided. The historical and geographical factors influencing the distribution and conservation of cavernous scorpions in the Balkans are then reviewed.